The dynamics of community resilience perception between two waves of COVID-19 in 2020 and 2022: A longitudinal study from Shanghai

This study aims to compare and analyze how perception of community resilience in Shanghai changed between two periods of city lockdown, one imposed from January to March 2020 and the other April to June 2022 and the key factors affecting such change. The Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit Assessment (CART) Survey was used in the study. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that: (1) In 2022, when the pandemic impact was more severe and lockdown measures stricter compared to 2020, the perceived level of community resilience was lower. (2) During the two periods of lockdown, community engagement had a consistent impact on the perception of community resilience. In 2022, formal support provided by local organizations and institutions and residents' participation in affiliated volunteer groups had a significantly positive influence on the perception of community resilience. (3) During the wave of infection in 2022, factors such as the convenience of government-provided emergency services and the adequacy of emergency supplies had a significant positive impact on the perception of community resilience. (4) Whether an individual was COVID-19 positive or a close contact had a significant negative impact on community resilience. An individual's income level had no significant impact on the perception of community resilience.