医疗和护理从业人员在大流行病时期的作用:从 COVID-19 危机中汲取的教训与未来展望

C. Milionis
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行对卫生系统和服务的运作产生了不利影响,并大大增加了卫生专业人员的责任。医疗和护理从业人员是医疗保健不可或缺的一部分。尽管存在潜在风险,但他们在抗击新型冠状病毒的斗争中承担着重要角色。证据获取:本文采用叙事方法研究了医疗和护理专业的性质和范围,尤其是在大流行病或流行病期间,并描述了近期公共卫生紧急事件的社会影响。本研究还分析了从大流行病中获得的经验,以及如何利用这些经验从伦理角度指导医疗服务和临床医生应对未来的类似危机。研究结果:COVID-19 危机揭示了如何在义务承诺与酌情选择退出之间保持平衡的伦理困境。医务工作者的治疗义务源于他们的职业角色,并以科学、道德和法律为依据。大流行病要求医务人员在其能力极限范围内开展工作,并带来感染病原体、身体疲惫和精神压力的风险。病原体的传播对社会和医疗保健造成的巨大损失需要加以控制。临床医生照顾病人的责任是成功应对大流行病的核心。保护措施、安全培训、可持续的工作时间以及精神和经济补偿是他们完成任务的必要前提。结论:尽管新变种的临床严重性有所降低,但医生和护士的个人和集体疲劳仍然存在。最新的流行病学指标显示,COVID-19 的流行仍在继续,但节奏有所减慢。此外,应为未来可能发生的灾难性大流行做好准备。因此,我们不能沾沾自喜。所有相关方都需要确保卫生专业人员坚守其职业使命。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Role of Medical and Nursing Practitioners in Times of Pandemic: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Crisis and Future Prospects
Context: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic adversely affected the operation of health systems and services and dramatically increased the responsibilities of health professionals. Medical and nursing practitioners are an integral part of health care. They shouldered an important role in the fight against the novel coronavirus despite the potential risks. Evidence Acquisition: The present article applied a narrative approach to examine the nature and scope of the medical and nursing professions, especially during a pandemic or epidemic, and to describe the societal impact of the recent public health emergency. This study also analyzed the experience gained from the pandemic and how this could be used to ethically guide health services and clinicians through similar crises in the future. Results: The COVID-19 crisis revealed ethical dilemmas related to the retention of balance between the commitment to duty and the discretion to opt out. Health workers' obligation to treat derives from their professional role and is based on scientific, moral, and legal grounds. A pandemic mandates health staff to work at the limits of their competencies and entails the risk of infection with the pathogen, physical exhaustion, and emotional stress. The tremendous toll on society and health care due to the spread of a pathogen needs to be managed. The responsibility of clinicians to care for the sick is at the core of any successful response to a pandemic. Protective measures, safety training, sustainable working hours, and moral and fiscal compensation are essential prerequisites for the fulfillment of their tasks. Conclusions: Despite the reduced clinical severity associated with new variants, individual and collective fatigue among doctors and nurses continues to exist. The most recent epidemiological indicators show that the COVID-19 pandemic is still progressing but with a decelerating rhythm. In addition, preparation for a potentially catastrophic future pandemic is appropriate. Therefore, there is no time for complacency. All the involved parties need to ensure that health professionals uphold the mission of their profession.
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