艾滋病影响 2023:"我们所做的不仅仅是生存":从对感染艾滋病毒并有心理健康需求的青少年的风险和恢复能力的研究中汲取的经验教训。

IF 1.2 4区 医学 Q4 HEALTH POLICY & SERVICES
Ohemaa B Poku, Afifa Ahmed, Lucy Liotta, Luke Kluisza, Reuben N Robbins, Elaine J Abrams, Claude A Mellins
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管艾滋病毒治疗取得了进展,但感染艾滋病毒的青少年和年轻成人(AYAHIV)仍面临着无数挑战。与未感染 HIV 的同龄人相比,他们比儿童和老年人更不可能得到病毒抑制,患精神疾病的风险也更高。此外,青少 年还处于生物医学、神经认知和社会心理发展变化的阶段。这一时期的正常挑战可能会因艾滋病毒而加剧,并可能导致严重的身心健康问题。然而,许多青少年艾滋病病毒感染者表现出了顽强的生命力,他们拥有积极的资产和资源,很少出现健康或心理健康问题。在了解 AYAHIV 的需求方面,研究工作历来以风险为重点。本文讨论了从只关注风险的方法转变为从风险和复原力两个角度研究 AYAHIV 需求的方法的理由。本文介绍了(1) 有关青少年艾滋病病毒感染者的流行病学数据;(2) 理解风险(如贫困、压力、创伤、资源有限)和抗逆力/保护因素(如家庭和同伴支持、未来导向、解决问题的技能)的概念模型;(3) 检查身体和心理健康挑战的风险和保护因素的全球数据;(4) 纳入抗逆力因素以改善青少年艾滋病病毒感染者总体结果的有前途的干预措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
"We did more than survive": lessons learned from studies of risk and resilience of young people growing up with HIV and mental health needs.

Despite advances in HIV-treatment, adolescents and young adults (AYA) with HIV (AYAHIV) face myriad challenges. They are less likely than children and older adults to be virally suppressed and are at higher risk for mental health conditions compared to their peers who do not have HIV. AYA are also developing in the context of numerous biomedical, neurocognitive, and psychosocial developmental changes. Normative challenges during this time can be exacerbated by HIV and can result in significant physical and mental health problems. Yet, many AYAHIV have shown resilience with positive assets and resources and few health or mental health problems. Historically research has had a risk-focused approach to understanding AYAHIV needs. This paper discusses the rationale for a shift from a risk-focused only approach to one that examines AYAHIV needs from both a risk and resilience perspective. This paper presents: (1) epidemiological data on AYAHIV; (2) conceptual models for understanding both risk (e.g., poverty, stress, trauma, limited resources) and resilience/protective factors (e.g., family and peer support, future orientation, problem-solving skills); (3) global data examining risk and protective factors for physical and mental health challenges; and (4) promising interventions that incorporate elements of resilience to improve overall outcomes among AYAHIV.

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CiteScore
3.50
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172
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