Guidelines in trauma-related bleeding and coagulopathy: an update.

Purpose of review: The diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe traumatic bleeding and subsequent trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is still inconsistent, although the implementation of standardized algorithms/treatment pathways was repeatedly linked to improved outcome. Various evidence-based guidelines for these patients now exist, three of which have recently been updated.

Recent findings: A synopsis of the three recently updated guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of seriously bleeding trauma patients with TIC is presented: (i) AWMF S3 guideline 'Polytrauma/Seriously Injured Patient Treatment' under the auspices of the German Society for Trauma Surgery; (ii) guideline of the European Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) on the management of perioperative bleeding; and (iii) European guideline on the management of major bleeding and coagulopathy after trauma in its 6th edition (EU-Trauma).

Summary: Treatment of trauma-related bleeding begins at the scene with local compression, use of tourniquets and pelvic binders and rapid transport to a certified trauma centre. After arrival at the hospital, measures to record, monitor and support coagulation function should be initiated immediately. Surgical bleeding control is carried out according to 'damage control' principles. Modern coagulation management includes individualized treatment based on target values derived from point-of-care viscoelastic test procedures.