文本分析的语言认知方法

E. Budaev
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摘要

2021 年,认知科学被正式列入俄罗斯科学专业名称。然而,一般科学界对认知科学的主题和方法问题,特别是认知科学对文本分析的影响仍然知之甚少。语言文本分析经历了几个演变阶段。每个阶段都积累了一些关键问题,突出了寻找新方法的必要性。语言学中有三种方法:结构方法、交际方法和认知方法。结构范式可以利用简单的语言单位来解决科学问题。然而,它在研究复杂的新兴现象(文本就属于这种现象)时遇到了严重困难。将交际方法纳入语言学家的方法论包袱后,其中的一些困难得到了解决。与此同时,影响文本意义生成的重要因素仍未纳入研究范围。因此,语言学中形成了文本分析的语言认知方法。这使得分析中不仅包括语言结构,还包括最广泛的心理结构(概念、框架和槽口、原型、类别、概念对立、态势、心理空间和模型、概念隐喻、先例现象、语义网络)和认知操作(概念化、分类、推理、因果归因、概念投射、混合)。因此,文本分析的语言认知方法增加了科学研究的启发式方法,因为它旨在研究作为心理过程的语义过程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Linguocognitive Approach to Text Analysis
Cognitive sciences were officially included in the nomenclature of scientific specialties in Russia in 2021. However, the issue of the subject and method of cognitive science in general and its projection on text analysis in particular remains little known to the general scientific community. Linguistic text analysis has gone through several stages of evolution. Each of them accumulates the critical aspects highlighting the necessity to search for new approaches. There are three such approaches in linguistics: structural, communicative, cognitive. The structural paradigm made it possible to solve scientific problems using the example of simple language units. However, it was experiencing serious difficulties in studying complex emergent phenomena, to which the text belongs. Some of these difficulties were leveled by including a communicative approach in the linguist’s methodological baggage. At the same time, a significant layer of factors influencing on the meaning generation of the text remained outside the scope of the research focus. As a result, the linguocognitive approach to text analysis was formed in linguistics. This made it possible to include not only linguistic structures, but also the widest range of mental structures (concepts, frames and slots, prototypes, categories, conceptual oppositions, gestalts, mental spaces and models, conceptual metaphors, precedent phenomena, semantic networks) and cognitive operations (conceptualization, categorization, inference, causal attribution, conceptual projections, blending) in the analysis. Thus, the linguocognitive approach to text analysis increases the heuristics of scientific research due to it is aimed at studying of semantic processes as mental processes.
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