有机农业中甜菜产量与不同堆肥剂量的关系

A. Zakharov, A. Mishanov, E. Murzaev, A. E. Markova
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摘要

本文介绍了不同剂量的 BIAGUM 堆肥对 Dvusemiannaya TSHA 桌上甜菜品种产量影响的实验研究结果。堆肥由发酵的家禽粪便制成。甜菜种植在碳酸盐壤土上的草皮-腐殖质土壤中,采用六田生物轮作方式。没有使用任何保护剂。而是采用机械和人工除草。2021 年,试验田的前体是用 BIAGUM 堆肥施肥的马铃薯,施肥量为 4 t∙ha-1 (氮 = 80 kg∙ha-1)。2022 年,在不施用堆肥的对照变体(变体 1)中,甜菜根的平均生物产量为 24.94 吨/公顷;在施用堆肥剂量为 4 吨/公顷(N = 80 千克/公顷)的变体(变体 2)中,甜菜根的平均生物产量为 29.40 吨/公顷;在施用堆肥剂量为 8 吨/公顷(N = 160 千克/公顷)的变体(变体 3)中,甜菜根的平均生物产量为 31.28 吨/公顷。研究表明,施用堆肥(变体 2 和变体 3)比变体 1 的平均产量分别提高了 17.88% 和 25.41%。变体 1 与变体 2 和变体 3 之间存在显著的统计学差异:5% 显著性水平的 LSD 为 2.42 t∙ha-1。与变量 1(对照)相比,变量 2 和变量 3 中堆肥的施用使甜菜根的平均质量分别增加了 30.7% 和 33%。这些变体的总产量中不合格根的比例也有所增加。在所有实验变量中,甜菜根中的硝酸盐含量均未超过 1400 毫克/千克的允许值。实验结果表明,按设定剂量施用 BIAGUM 堆肥对有机种植甜菜的产量有积极影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Dependence of table beet yield on different doses of compost in organic farming
The paper presents the experimental study results on the effect of different doses of BIAGUM compost on the yield of Dvusemiannaya TSHA table beet variety. The compost was produced from fermented poultry manure. The table beet was grown on sod-podzolic soil on carbonate loam in the frame work of a six-field biology-based crop rotation. No protective agents were used. Mechanical and manual weed control was applied instead. The precursor on the experimental plots was potatoes fertilized with BIAGUM compost in an amount of 4 t∙ha–1 (N = 80 kg∙ha–1) in 2021. The average biological yield of table beet roots in 2022 in the control variant without compost (variant 1) was 24.94 t∙ha–1, in the variant with the compost application dose of 4 t∙ha–1 (N = 80 kg∙ha–1) (variant 2) – 29.40 t∙ha–1, in the variant with the compost application dose of 8 t∙ha–1 (N = 160 kg∙ha–1) (variant 3) – 31.28 t∙ha–1. The study revealed that the compost application (variants 2 and 3) increased the average yield by 17.88 and 25.41 % compared to variant 1, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the variant 1 and variants 2 and 3: the LSD for the 5 % significance level was 2.42 t∙ha–1. The compost application in variants 2 and 3 increased the average mass of table beet roots by 30.7 and 33 %, respectively, against the variant 1 (control). The share of substandard roots in the total yield for these variants also increased. In all experiment variants, the nitrate content in the table beet roots did not exceed the allowable value of 1400 mg/kg. The experiment findings indicate a positive effect of BIAGUM compost application in the set doses on the table beet yield cultivated in organic farming.
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