Portrayal of Autism Spectrum disorder and its treatments in Qatar's leading newspapers: A content analysis study

Background

The public cultivates thoughts, perceptions, and beliefs through media. Research has revealed that the media has a significant contribution to the publics’ negative perceptions and stigma surrounding Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, there are limited studies on the portrayal of ASD in Qatar's printed media.

Method

The current study explored the portrayal of ASD in six leading Qatari newspapers through retrospective content analysis of articles published between 27/08/2019 and 26/09/2020. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods were used to assess the extent and format of ASD-related articles as well as the discourse tone and thematic representation. Treatments were evaluated for their level of evidence through comparison with a combination of primary, secondary, and tertiary literature.

Results

A total of 178 ASD-related articles (88 in English and 90 in Arabic) were analyzed. The majority of these articles were displayed with minimal or no distinguishable features from articles about other topics, and placed in the middle of the newspaper or in the supplement section. Qualitative analysis revealed the presence of a stigmatizing tone in ASD articles written in both Arabic and English newspapers. Treatments reported were mostly evidence based, with some articles mentioning interventions without sufficient support from reputable guidelines.

Conclusions

There is much room for improvement in regards to portrayal of ASD in Qatari newspapers; in particular to emphasize on de-stigmatizing language, to promote reporting on the living experience of people with ASD, and to ensure accurate treatment-related information is provided.