气候变化对孟加拉国北部小型渔业的影响及相关适应措施

Pial Paul, Mahir Faisal Rahi, Imam Hossain Saiquit, M. Sarower, M. Rouf, M. Parvez, Sharmin Aktar, M. Khanom, Abu Nashir Khan, Md. Moshiur Rahman, Sheikh Mustafizur Rahman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

孟加拉国是世界上第六个最易受气候影响的国家。因此,近几十年来,科学家们更加注重研究水产养殖、适应技术和气候变化影响之间的联系。本文旨在评估小型水产养殖者对气候变化的认识和感知程度,以及所采用的适应策略。研究数据通过焦点小组、关键信息提供者访谈、家庭调查和探索性调查收集。研究结果表明,气温和降雨模式发生了很大变化。养鱼户对气候变化有相当的了解,他们从报纸、电视、推广人员和互联网等多个渠道获取信息。养鱼户实施了多种适应策略,包括网箱、池塘灌溉、长堤、增氧机、降低鱼类密度、轮作、饲料管理和投喂,以应对洪水、龙卷风、干旱和寒潮的影响。面对不断变化的环境条件,重点应转向适应气候的养殖渔业,作为气候智能型水产养殖战略的一部分,以加强不断增长的人口的营养安全。目前已经有成熟的综合养殖系统在运行,包括以农业为基础的水产养殖系统、以畜牧业为基础的水产养殖系统以及农业-水产-畜牧业一体化系统。由于综合养殖概念的科学进步,还开发了一些尖端技术,如社区水产养殖、网箱/围栏养殖、高堤种植、水产养殖衬垫、物种多样化和温室水产养殖。这些做法大大有助于提高产量,减少气候变化的影响,避免造成气候变化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON THE SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES IN THE NORTHERN PART OF BANGLADESH AND ASSOCIATED ADAPTATION MEASURES
Bangladesh is the sixth-most climate-vulnerable nation in the world. As a result, scientists have focused more on studying the connections between aquaculture, adaption techniques, and the effects of climate change in recent decades. This paper aims to evaluate the degree of awareness and perception regarding climate change, as well as the adaption tactics used by small-scale aquafarmers. Data for the study were gathered through focus groups, key informant interviews, household surveys, and exploratory surveys. The results of the study demonstrate that there have been considerable changes in temperature and rainfall patterns. Fish farmers exhibit considerable knowledge about climate change, drawing information from several sources such as newspapers, television, extension workers, and the internet. Fish farmers have implemented several adaptation strategies, including netting, pond irrigation, long dikes, aerators, fish density reduction, crop rotation, feed management, and feeding, to combat the impacts of floods, cyclones, droughts, and cold waves. In the face of changing environmental conditions, the emphasis should shift towards adapting climate-resilient culture fisheries as part of a climate-smart aquaculture strategy to enhance nutritional security for the growing population. There are already established integrated farming systems in operation, including agri-aquaculture-based systems, livestock-based aquaculture systems, and agri-aqua-livestock integration. A number of cutting-edge technologies, such as community-based aquaculture, cage/pen culture, high dike cropping, aquaculture liners, species diversification, and greenhouse aquaculture, have also been developed as a result of scientific advancements in the integrated farming concept. These practices contribute significantly to improving production, reducing the impacts of climate change, and avoiding contributions to climate change.
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