Combining Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation With Hand Robotic Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of combining transcranial direct current stimulation with end-effector robot-assisted treatment on upper limb function, spasticity, and hand dexterity in chronic stroke patients.

Design: This was a prospective, double-blind randomized trial with 20 equally allocated stroke patients. The experimental group received dual transcranial direct current stimulation (anode over affected M1, cathode over contralateral M1) alongside robot-assisted treatment, while the control group received sham transcranial direct current stimulation with the same electrode placement + robot-assisted treatment. Each patient underwent 20 combined transcranial direct current stimulation and robot-assisted treatment sessions. The primary outcome measure was the Fugl-Meyer Upper Limb motor score, with secondary outcomes including AMADEO kinematic measures, Action Research Arm Test, and Functional Independence Measure. Assessments were conducted at baseline, after rehabilitation, and 3 mos later.

Results: Combining bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation with robot-assisted treatment did not yield additional improvements in Fugl-Meyer Upper Limb motor score, Functional Independence Measure, or Action Research Arm Test scores among stroke patients. However, the real transcranial direct current stimulation group showed enhanced finger flexion in the affected hand based on AMADEO kinematic measures.

Conclusions: The addition of transcranial direct current stimulation to robot-assisted treatment did not result in significant overall functional improvements in chronic stroke patients. However, a benefit was observed in finger flexion of the affected hand.