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引用次数: 0
摘要
自皮奥-德尔里奥-霍特加(Pío del Río-Hortega)首次在脑组织组织学染色中描述小胶质细胞的特征以来,已经过去了一个多世纪。从那时起,人们在了解这些常驻中枢神经系统(CNS)巨噬细胞的作用方面取得了重大进展。尤其是,现在人们已经知道小胶质细胞可以感知神经活动并相应地调节神经元回路。我们回顾了小胶质细胞检测神经活动变化进而调节发育中和成熟中枢神经系统突触数量的机制。这包括对自发和经验驱动的神经活动的反应。我们进一步讨论了小胶质细胞调节突触功能和神经回路兴奋性的活动依赖机制。总之,我们的讨论全面回顾了小胶质细胞在健康中枢神经系统神经回路中的活动依赖性功能,并强调了与更全面地了解小胶质细胞作为神经回路的关键组成部分和调节器相关的令人兴奋的新开放性问题。
Microglia: Activity-dependent regulators of neural circuits
It has been more than a century since Pío del Río-Hortega first characterized microglia in histological stains of brain tissue. Since then, significant advances have been made in understanding the role of these resident central nervous system (CNS) macrophages. In particular, it is now known that microglia can sense neural activity and modulate neuronal circuits accordingly. We review the mechanisms by which microglia detect changes in neural activity to then modulate synapse numbers in the developing and mature CNS. This includes responses to both spontaneous and experience-driven neural activity. We further discuss activity-dependent mechanisms by which microglia regulate synaptic function and neural circuit excitability. Together, our discussion provides a comprehensive review of the activity-dependent functions of microglia within neural circuits in the healthy CNS, and highlights exciting new open questions related to understanding more fully microglia as key components and regulators of neural circuits.
期刊介绍:
Published on behalf of the New York Academy of Sciences, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences provides multidisciplinary perspectives on research of current scientific interest with far-reaching implications for the wider scientific community and society at large. Each special issue assembles the best thinking of key contributors to a field of investigation at a time when emerging developments offer the promise of new insight. Individually themed, Annals special issues stimulate new ways to think about science by providing a neutral forum for discourse—within and across many institutions and fields.