新生儿先天性畸形结构的比较分析

O. А. Zaitseva, L. S. Sergeychik
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的对一家医院医疗机构 2017 年和 2021 年出生的新生儿先天性畸形模式进行分析评估,同时将母亲的病史作为胎儿畸形形成的可能原因。对戈梅利州临床医院产科医院 2017 年 1 月至 12 月间分娩的 90 名新生儿(第一组)和 2021 年 1 月至 12 月间分娩的 100 名新生儿(第二组)的发育史进行了回顾性分析。在所研究的两组新生儿中,先天性畸形(CM)的主要病例是先天性心脏缺陷(CHD)和泌尿系统缺陷。在 2017 年出生的患有先天性心脏病的新生儿中,男孩(60%)占多数,而在 2021 年出生的新生儿中,女孩(58%)占多数。第一对比组中的孩子的母亲更有可能生活在城市(77.7%)。在分析母亲的生殖器外病变时,得到的数据显示,第一个研究组儿童的母亲最常患有心血管、 内分泌疾病和泌尿系统疾病。而在第二对比组中,伴随慢性疾病的母亲居多。孕产妇在怀孕期间的疾病结构多种多样,但唯一具有统计学意义的指标是 COVID-19 感染,这影响了 2021 年怀孕期间的母亲。通过对孕妇进行超声波检查来诊断胎儿是否患有 CM 的数据在统计学上并不重要,因此无法对 CM 早期诊断质量的提高或下降得出结论。2017 年和 2021 年,产前诊断出 CM 的比例分别为 33.3%和 40%。在心脏畸形的比例中,室间隔缺损在两组中均占首位,分别为 67.7%和 51%。在泌尿系统缺陷的结构中,2021 年统计意义重大的缺陷是肾脏发育不全(28%)。在分析肌肉骨骼系统畸形时,所有指标在统计学上都不显著。结论分析结果表明,颅脑疾病和泌尿系统的颅脑疾病在中枢神经系统疾病中处于稳定的领导地位。通过对孕妇进行超声波检查来诊断胎儿中风的频率仍然很低。母亲在怀孕期间患有慢性疾病、心血管系统疾病、内分泌系统疾病和泌尿系统疾病,COVID-19 可能是胎儿 CM 形成的原因之一。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Comparative analysis of the structure of congenital malformations in newborns
Objective. To conduct an analytical assessment of the pattern of congenital malformations in newborns born in 2017 and 2021 in a hospital-based healthcare organization, taking into account the anamnesis of mothers as a possible cause of the formation of a malformation in the fetus.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 90 developmental histories of newborns delivered between January and December 2017 (first group) and 100 histories of newborns born between January and December 2021 (second group) in the maternity hospital of the Gomel Regional Clinical Hospital was conducted.Results. The leading place among congenital malformations (CM) in the studied two groups is occupied by congenital heart defects (CHD) and defects of the urinary system. In the group of newborns with CM delivered in 2017, boys (60%) prevailed, in 2021 — girls (58%). Mothers of the children from the first comparison group were more likely to live in cities (77.7%). When analyzing the extragenital pathology of mothers, data were obtained that the mothers of the children of the first study group most often suffered from cardiovascular, endocrine diseases, diseases of the urinary system. In mothers of the children of the second comparison group, concomitant chronic diseases came out on top. The structure of maternal diseases during pregnancy is diverse, but the only statistically significant indicator was COVID-19 infection, which affected the mothers during pregnancy in 2021. The data on the diagnosis of CM in the fetus by ultrasound examination of a pregnant woman are statistically insignificant, it is impossible to draw a conclusion about the improvement or deterioration of the quality of early diagnosis of CM. The percentage of diagnosis of CM prenatally in 2017 and 2021 was 33.3 and 40%, respectively.Among CHD in percentage, the leading place in both groups is occupied by a defect of the interventricular septum ― 67.7 and 51%. In the structure of defects of the urinary system, a statistically significant defect is kidney dystopia in 2021 (28%). When analyzing malformations of the musculoskeletal system, all indicators were statistically insignificant. Conclusion. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the stable leadership among the CM belongs to the CHD and the CM of the urinary system. The frequency of diagnosis of CM in the fetus by ultrasound examination of pregnant women remains at a fairly low level. Chronic diseases of mother, diseases of the cardiovascular system, endocrine and urinary system, COVID-19 suffered by mother during pregnancy may be a possible cause of the formation of CM in the fetus.
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