了解埃塞俄比亚的气候变化:影响和解决办法

Fekadu Tadege Kobe
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摘要

气候变化是一项全球性挑战,对环境和人类社会的各个方面产生了深远的影响。了解这些影响对于制定有效的缓解战略至关重要。作为可持续发展面临的最严重威胁之一,气候变化预计将影响环境、人类健康、粮食安全、经济活动、自然资源和有形基础设施。本综述侧重于埃塞俄比亚的气候变化、其后果和减缓努力。自 1960 年以来,埃塞俄比亚的年平均气温上升了约 1.3∘C,每十年相应上升 0.28∘C。降水量的时空变化也加剧了,凸显了该国受气候波动影响的程度。为应对这些挑战,埃塞俄比亚政府实施了各种政策、战略和计划,旨在提高适应能力,最大限度地减少气候多变性和气候变化的影响。埃塞俄比亚的气候适应性绿色经济(CRGE)以四大支柱为中心:农业、林业、可再生能源和先进技术。这些支柱构成了埃塞俄比亚追求可持续绿色经济的基础。最后,本综述深入探讨了气候变化、其影响以及埃塞俄比亚为减轻其影响而正在进行的努力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
UNDERSTANDING CLIMATE CHANGE IN ETHIOPIA: IMPACTS AND SOLUTIONS
Climate change poses a global challenge with profound impacts on diverse aspects of the environment and human society. Understanding these impacts is crucial for formulating effective mitigation strategies. As one of the most critical threats to sustainable development, climate change is anticipated to affect the environment, human health, food security, economic activities, natural resources and physical infrastructure. This review focuses on climate change, its consequences and mitigation efforts in Ethiopia. Ethiopia has encountered both climate variability and change, evident in an average annual temperature increase of about 1.3∘C since 1960, with a corresponding rise of 0.28∘C per decade. Spatial and temporal variations in precipitation have also intensified, highlighting the country’s exposure to climate fluctuations. To address these challenges, the Ethiopian government has implemented various policies, strategies and programs aimed at enhancing adaptive capacity and minimizing the impacts of climate variability and change. The Climate-Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) of Ethiopia centers on four pillars: agriculture, forestry, renewable energy and advanced technologies. These pillars form the foundation for Ethiopia’s pursuit of a sustainable green economy. In conclusion, this review delves into the examination of climate change, its repercussions and the ongoing efforts to mitigate its effects in Ethiopia.
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