什么是任务导向型培训?范围审查

Erin Halford, Samantha Jakubiszak, Kassidy Krug, Amanda Umphress
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摘要

任务导向训练(TOT)是一种行之有效的脑卒中康复干预措施,有大量循证研究支持其有效性。由于缺乏明确的定义,导致研究报告的多变性以及随后在实际实施中的混乱。一致的定义旨在纠正这种模糊性,促进知识转化。本研究的目的是确定一个全面的 TOT 定义,以囊括以往文献中的定义和描述。为了得出这一定义,我们在四个数据库中进行了两阶段的范围界定审查,搜索有关在成人中风康复治疗中使用 TOT 的文章。用于定义 TOT 的常见词汇包括:重复性、功能性、任务实践、特定任务、任务导向、强度和以客户为中心。其他符合神经可塑性原则和 TOT 关键组成部分的突出词汇包括:有意义、渐进、分级、可变和反馈。基于这些研究结果,我们提出了一个全面的定义如下:任务导向训练是一种有效的脑卒中康复干预措施,其重点是以客户为中心,重复练习对客户有意义的高强度活动。总之,尽管任务导向训练文献中描述了类似的原则,但对任务导向训练并没有一致且全面的定义。本次范围界定审查确定了 TOT 方法中的关键概念以及康复文献中的讨论部分,从而提出了 TOT 的全面定义,以指导研究和实践。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
What is Task-Oriented Training? A Scoping Review
Task-Oriented Training (TOT) is an proven stroke rehabilitation intervention with significant evidence-based research that supports its effectiveness. The absence of a clear definition has led to variability in research reporting and subsequent confusion with practical implementation. A consistent definition seeks to remedy this ambiguity to facilitate knowledge translation. The objective of this study was to determine a comprehensive definition of TOT that encapsulates previous definitions and descriptions in the literature. In order to derive this definition, a two stage scoping review process was conducted across four databases searching for articles on the use of TOT in adult stroke rehabilitation therapy. The analysis of this scoping review included 174 articles. Commonly found words used to define TOT included: repetitive, functional, task practice, task specific, task oriented, intensity, and client-centered. Other salient words that aligned with the principles of neuroplasticity and key components of TOT were meaningful, progressive, graded, variable, and feedback. Based on these findings, a comprehensive proposed definition is as follows: Task-oriented training is an effective stroke rehabilitation intervention that focuses on the use of client-centered, repetitive practice of activities that are of high intensity and meaningful to the client. In conclusion, although similar principles were described in the TOT literature, there was no consistent and comprehensive definition of TOT. This scoping review identified key concepts from TOT methodology, and discussion sections in rehabilitation literature to generate a proposed comprehensive definition of TOT to guide research and practice.
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