Using distance-framed narratives to foster health communication outcomes among e-cigarette users and non-users.

This study examines the effectiveness of distance-framed narratives in deterring e-cigarette use among young adults. Through an online experiment (N = 916), this study investigates how narratives with different distance cues influence participants' narrative engagement, perceived psychological distance, and compliance with the message. The findings suggest that distance-framed narratives heighten identification. Increased identification reduces perceived psychological distance, leading to more negative attitudes, decreased e-cigarette use intention, and stronger policy support. E-cigarette use status also impacts persuasive outcomes. Non-users tend to be more receptive to narratives featuring congruent distance cues in character and scenario depictions. Users are motivated by narratives that present an uncertain scenario, regardless of whether the character is portrayed as socially close or distant.