Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Greek version of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3)

Abstract Objectives Motor imagery is widely used to enhance patients’ response to treatment via cognitive and neurophysiological processes. As a result, cross-cultural validation of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3) in the Greek population was deemed necessary. Methods The cross-cultural adaptation method in Greek was followed for the MIQ-3. It was then administered to 150 participants and its face, construct validity (exploratory factor analysis and known-groups validity), test-retest reliability, and internal consistency were assessed. Results The MIQ-3 demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.90). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for test-retest reliability of each factor were low: ICC=0.049−0.293. However, the standard error of the measurement (SEM) data was within acceptable limits (13.5–17.2 % of the grand mean) for all three sub-sections of the MIQ-3. Factor analysis confirmed the three-factor structure of the questionnaire. No differences between male and female participants or those with different levels of athletic involvement (intensity of physical activity and practice level) were identified. Conclusions The MIQ-3 appears to be a valid instrument that can be used to assess motor imagery in a Greek population. It can be uniformly applied to participants of different sexes and athletic involvement. Its reliability, though, requires further research.