Endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy techniques and outcomes

Posterior cervical foraminotomy is a commonly performed procedure to address cervical radiculopathy through direct decompression of the neural foramen by partially resecting the dorsal aspect of the facet joint. The procedure is an alternative to anterior cervical approaches such as anterior cervical discectomy and fusion and cervical disc arthroplasty, which require complete discectomy to address foraminal stenosis that cause cervical radiculopathy. The procedure has evolved from open to minimally invasive techniques including endoscopic methods, which has recently increased in interest by spine surgeons. This review discusses the currently existing endoscopic techniques for cervical posterior foraminotomy and synthesizes the existing literature.