Evaluation of Interleukin-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Concentration in a Sample of Endodontic Patients in Hillah City, Iraq

Background: Endodontic illness, one of the most common chronic infectious diseases in the world, is brought on by an infected and inflamed dental pulp, which results in bone destruction around the tooth root, excruciating pain, and tooth loss. Objectives: This study aimed to determine levels of pro-inflammatory (interleukin-1β [IL-1β] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay in the saliva of patients with endodontic infection against the gender and age groups. Materials and Methods: From November 2021 to March 2022, 60 patients (n = 60) were referred to specialized dentistry centers and private clinics in Hillah City, Iraq, with 32 (53.33%) females and 28 (46.67%) males, and 20 (n = 20) healthy adults serving as study controls, all of whom were between the ages of 20 and 50. Results: There were no major differences between girls and males in both groups, according to the findings of this study. In comparison to the control group, however, patients showed higher significant differences in measuring (IL-1β) and (TNF-α) concentrations (180.8), (119.44) (P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, the amounts of IL-1β and TNF-α in female saliva were substantially greater than in male saliva. Conclusion: Pro-inflammatory IL-1β and TNF-α were shown to be higher in patients with primary endodontic disease than in normal subjects.