SPINAL SURGERY: HISTORICAL ASPECTS AND CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES IN THE TREATMENT OF DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS

The issue of treating discogenic neurocompression syndromes remains highly relevant in modern medicine due to the variability in clinical manifestations and the lack of a unified approach to its treatment. Lumbar microdiscectomy remains the standard treatment for intervertebral disc herniations in the lumbar spine. The primary goal of surgical treatment for degenerative disorders is to achieve complete decompression of neural structures with minimal surgical trauma. The widespread adoption of advanced minimally invasive endoscopic techniques for intervertebral disc herniations has significantly reduced the number of disabled individuals worldwide, thus addressing the societal challenges associated with this condition. This literature review is dedicated to the development and evolution of endoscopic technologies, transitioning from open surgical interventions to percutaneous endoscopic procedures.