Leading through the development of the trust cycle according to the I-Ching

Abstract This study explores the concept of trust in leadership, drawing on insights from the ancient Chinese classic I-Ching. Using content analysis and metaphoric interpretation, we examine the meaning of Fu (trust) in I-Ching and its relevance to modern-day business leadership. Our analysis categorizes hexagram lines that mention Fu into six stages, forming the I-Ching Trust Development Cycle: Initiation, Progressing, Testing, Growth, Maturity, and Decline. The cycle begins without trust as leaders and followers meet to share their visions and missions. As relationships between leaders and followers develop, progress is made. The third stage tests the trust relationships, while the fourth stage describes how relationships are maintained. In the fifth stage, trust reaches its peak, but in the final stage, relationships reach a crossroads that may lead to either continued Growth or Decline. We suggest management implications at the end of each stage. Finally, we discuss the limitations and suggest future research directions.