Application Nanobiotech in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Background: An early pathogenic role for mitochondrial dysfunction in affected neurons, which occurs before morphological and functional abnormalities, is being supported by expanding information from studies on neurodegenerative diseases. Age is the primary risk factor for numerous diseases that affect people, the degenerative disorders are characterized by an abnormal protein accumulation, progressive loss of neuron cells, and impaired motor or cognitive abilities. One of the fundamental characteristics of aging is mitochondrial malfunction, especially in organs that need a lot of energy, such the heart, muscles, brain, or liver. Small amounts of ROS are produced by natural cell functions such aerobic respiration and inflammatory response mostly in macrophages and hepatocytes.