Class Dynamics, a Declining ANC and the Failure of Policy Implementation

While conditions for the majority in South Africa have worsened and delivery has become more important politically, the ANC is increasingly unable to deliver and address national issues. At the same time, the state is failing to resource, manage, coordinate and skill its departments, institutions and programmes. While the imperative of improving the state is recognised, and issues of skill and leadership are flagged, this article focuses on two interrelated causes of implementation failure: an ANC that is the site of dire struggles for state power while manifesting endemic corruption and a dangerously anti-public vision; and racialised elite and subaltern class dynamics that often escape state mediation. The limits of government in its overarching economic policy are considered as a brief case. The article concludes that given the problems in these areas, particularly in the management of the capitalist economy and class contradictions, a restructuring of the political field and a renewal of popular public involvement are necessary for improved welfare and development in the future. There are also imperatives of civil service reform. However, these changes will have no chance of taking root unless firm steps towards a dynamic and inclusive economy are taken.