奥古斯都不可思议的后世:读懂苏埃托尼乌斯的《凯撒大帝的一生

Jannis F. Koltermann
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摘要

摘要 本文研究了苏埃托尼乌斯的《凯撒大帝历险记》中奥古斯都本人生平之外的奥古斯都形象。文章展示了苏埃托尼乌斯如何将《奥古斯都生平》中奥古斯都的正面形象与后来的《凯撒大帝历险记》中奥古斯都的继任者对这一形象的歪曲进行对比。在他们的作品中,奥古斯都仍然是一个值得效仿的理想形象,但却成为残暴(提比略)、通奸和军事失败(卡里古拉)或弹琴(尼禄)的榜样--而苏埃托尼乌斯笔下真正的奥古斯都从未扮演过这些角色,或只是略微扮演过。因此,通过对一系列文本的细读和内读,本文希望对苏埃托尼乌斯的作品进行更全面的重新评估:本文认为《凯撒大帝历险记》对公国的描绘比通常所说的更具批判性,它们更有意识地成为塑造形象过程的一部分,最重要的是,它们更应该被理解为一部完整的作品,而不是单独和孤立地阅读。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
THE UNCANNY AFTERLIVES OF AUGUSTUS: READING ACROSS SUETONIUS’ LIVES OF THE CAESARS
Abstract This article examines the appearances of Augustus in Suetonius’ Lives of the Caesars outside Augustus' own Life. It shows how Suetonius contrasts the positive image of Augustus drawn in the Life of Augustus with the distortion of this image by Augustus’ successors, depicted in the later Lives. In their reception, he is still presented as an ideal to follow, yet as a role model for cruelty (Tiberius), adultery and military failure (Caligula), or lyre-playing (Nero)—roles which Suetonius’ real Augustus never or only marginally assumed. Thus in a series of close and intratextual readings, this article invites a more general reassessment of Suetonius’ work: it suggests that the Lives of the Caesars draw a more critical image of the Principate than has often been said, that they are more consciously part of an image-making process and, above all, that they should more commonly be understood as one whole work, rather than read individually and in isolation.
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