小分子药物发现和临床前开发简介

Michelle W. Y. Southey, Michael Brunavs
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引用次数: 0

摘要

市场上销售的药物 90% 以上都是小分子、低分子量有机化合物,它们是为了促进体内特定的生物过程而发现、设计和开发的。例如抗生素(青霉素)、止痛药(扑热息痛)和合成激素(皮质类固醇)。开发一种新药从最初发现到获得监管部门批准平均需要 10-15 年的时间,总成本往往高达数十亿美元。每一种新药上市后,都会有更多的新药没有上市,而其中大部分费用都是与失败的努力相关的支出。发现新药仍然是一项巨大的挑战,需要化学、生物学、药物开发、计算机科学和信息学等领域的研究团队共同参与。在本文中,我们将讨论小分子临床前药物发现中遇到的关键概念和问题,并介绍为克服当前障碍而正在开发的一些新兴技术。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Introduction to small molecule drug discovery and preclinical development
Over 90% of marketed drugs are small molecules, low molecular weight organic compounds that have been discovered, designed, and developed to prompt a specific biological process in the body. Examples include antibiotics (penicillin), analgesics (paracetamol) and synthetic hormones (corticosteroids). On average, it takes 10–15 years to develop a new medicine from initial discovery through to regulatory approval and the total cost is often in the billions. For every drug that makes it to the market, there are many more that do not, and it is the outlay associated with abortive efforts that accounts for most of this expense. The discovery of new drugs remains a significant challenge, involving teams of researchers from chemistry, biology, drug development, computer science and informatics. In this article we will discuss the key concepts and issues encountered in small molecule preclinical drug discovery and introduce some of the emerging technologies being developed to overcome current obstacles.
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