开放乌克兰农业用地市场:优势、劣势及解决途径

Daria Danilik, Svitlana Bredun, A.I. Pytomets
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摘要

本文涉及开放乌克兰土地市场的主题,特别是其利弊,并提出了解决方法。作者研究了农业用地领域的主要规范性法案。研究发现,农业生产质量和国家整体粮食安全取决于土地市场的运作水平。作者研究了解除土地出售禁令的论点和反论点。结论是目前的暂停只会加剧土地市场的现有问题。作者分析了各地区农用地买卖合同的数量。分析表明,由于顿涅茨克州、扎波罗热州和哈尔科夫州的敌对行动,该指标与其他地区相比偏低。作者强调了 2021 年 7 月 1 日乌克兰《关于修改乌克兰农业用地流转条款的若干法律》的积极和消极方面。作者特别强调了存在问题的方面,如:农业部门各种形式的企业无法平等地获得信贷资源;国家登记员对涉及欺诈计划的土地登记不承担刑事责任;向外国人出售农业用地不受管制等。我们发现,只有适当和明确的立法规定才有助于消除现有的差距。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Opening of the agricultural land market in Ukraine: advantages, disadvantages and ways to solve them
The paper covers the topic of opening the land market in Ukraine, in particular, focuses on the advantages, disadvantages and suggests ways to solve them. The author studies the main regulatory legal acts in the field of agricultural land. It is found that the quality of agricultural production and the overall food security of the state depend on the level of functioning of the land market. The authors examine the arguments and counterarguments for lifting the ban on land sales. It is concluded that the current moratorium only exacerbated the existing problems of the land market. The author analyzes the number of contracts for the sale and purchase of agricultural land plots by region. The analysis shows that due to the hostilities in Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, and Kharkiv regions, this indicator is low compared to other regions. Both positive and negative aspects of the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding the Terms of Agricultural Land Turnover" of July 01, 2021 are highlighted. In particular, the author focuses on problematic aspects, such as: lack of equal access to credit resources for all forms of business in the agricultural sector; lack of criminal liability of state registrars for registering land involved in fraudulent schemes; unregulated sale of agricultural land to foreigners and some others. It is found that only proper and clear legislative regulation will help to eliminate the existing gaps.
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