Current perspectives for the use of medical ozone in veterinary medicine

Although ozone has been used in veterinary medicine for more than 30 years, it is still inadequate and limited to certain areas and breeds. Medical ozone has gained popularity worldwide as current medical treatments have become more expensive, and there are growing concerns about antibiotic-resistant infections. In this review, we present current perspectives on the application of ozone in veterinary diseases, highlighting its mechanisms of action, how it is generated, and how it acts in living tissues. Furthermore, we address the impact of medical ozone on various diseases in animals, including renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. We also report the inherent biases and limitations of clinical studies and case series related to ozone therapy in veterinary medicine, without control groups. Although the information provided in this review is promising and confirms the potential of medical ozone therapy in the treatment of animal diseases, the accuracy of the results of this therapeutic modality is of vital importance in view of the objections identified in the authorization of ozone therapy and the existence of some limitations associated with relevant studies, which offer the possibility of potential biases.