The Effect of Some Plant Growth Regulators on Callus Culture of Different Pistachio Varieties

Pistachio (Pistacia vera L) is one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world. Its fruits are rich in protein, minerals, carbohydrates, fiber, and vitamins. In addition, the demand for these plants is increasing due to the fact that they are very tasty and nutritious. On the other hand, pistachio cultivation is quite difficult. In addition, many problems are encountered in germination with seeds or reproduction with cuttings. These situations necessitate the development of different in vitro tissue culture protocols. In this study, callus culture optimization protocol was developed by using seeds of three different pistachio cultivars. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was supplemented with different concentrations of NAA, IAA, 2,4 D and BAP. When callus size (1,776 cm), callus weight (0.908 g) and embryogenic callus regenerations (27.94%) were considered, it was found that the best variety was Tekin. Again, in the evaluation made according to these factors, it was determined that the best improvement was in the MS medium containing 3 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L 2,4D. The contamination rate detected throughout the studies ranged from 7.65% to 12.91%.