昆虫病原真菌:大自然对付农业害虫的秘密武器

Tarun Kumar Patel
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引用次数: 0

摘要

虫害对全世界的农业生产力和作物产量构成重大挑战。化学杀虫剂等传统虫害防治方法存在局限性,并对环境造成不利影响。因此,虫害防治越来越需要可持续和生态友好型的替代方法。本综述探讨了昆虫病原真菌作为农业害虫生物防治剂的潜力。综述首先概述了昆虫病原真菌及其意义。这些真菌具有感染和杀死害虫的独特机制。其作用模式包括真菌孢子附着在昆虫的角质层上,然后在寄主体内渗透、定殖和释放有毒代谢物。影响昆虫病原真菌功效的因素有很多,包括环境条件、昆虫寄主的易感性以及配方/施用方法。本文讨论了昆虫病原真菌作为生物控制剂的益处,包括其与害虫综合治理(IPM)策略的兼容性以及对非目标生物的最小影响。然而,在扩大其商业应用方面存在挑战。综述介绍了在害虫管理中成功应用昆虫病原真菌的案例研究。报告指出了未来的前景和研究方向,强调了继续推进对昆虫病原真菌与害虫之间相互作用的理解的重要性。监管框架和公众接受度对于这些真菌在农业中的广泛应用至关重要。总之,昆虫病原真菌作为生物防治农业害虫的可持续有效工具,具有巨大的潜力。它们能够针对特定害虫,与虫害综合防治措施兼容,对环境影响最小,因此是化学农药的可行替代品。要在虫害综合防治战略中充分利用昆虫病原真菌的潜力,还需要进一步的研究、合作和实施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Entomopathogenic Fungi: Nature's Secret Weapon Against Agricultural Pests
Insect pests pose significant challenges to agricultural productivity and crop yield worldwide. Conventional pest control methods, such as chemical pesticides, have limitations and adverse environmental effects. Therefore, there is a growing need for sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives in pest management. This review explores the potential of entomopathogenic fungi as a promising biological control agent for insect pests in agriculture. The review begins by providing an overview of entomopathogenic fungi and their significancce. These fungi possess unique mechanisms to infect and kill insect pests. The mode of action involves attachment of fungal spores to the insect's cuticle, followed by penetration, colonization, and release of toxic metabolites within the host. Various factors influence the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi, including environmental conditions, insect host susceptibility, and formulation/application methods. The benefits of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents are discussed, including their compatibility with integrated pest management (IPM) strategies and minimal impact on non-target organisms. However, challenges exist in scaling up their commercial application. The review presents case studies showcasing successful field applications of entomopathogenic fungi in pest management. Future prospects and research directions are identified, emphasizing the importance of continued advancements in understanding the interactions between entomopathogenic fungi and insect pests. Regulatory frameworks and public acceptance are crucial for the widespread adoption of these fungi in agriculture. In conclusion, entomopathogenic fungi offer immense potential as sustainable and effective tools for biological control of insect pests in agriculture. Their ability to target specific pests, compatibility with IPM, and minimal environmental impact make them a viable alternative to chemical pesticides. Further research, collaboration, and implementation are necessary to fully harness the potential of entomopathogenic fungi in integrated pest management strategies.
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