Allergen immunotherapy of insect venom allergy: Almost 100 years old, but steadily updated.

llergen immunotherapy (AIT) with Hymenoptera venom (HV) shows high efficiency treating insect venom allergy, covering an almost 100-year-long history. Untreated patients with HV allergy can develop serious, potentially lethal sting reactions. Before starting AIT with HV, indication and contraindications, the presence of comorbidities and the intake of concomitant medications as well as individual risk factors have to be carefully evaluated. Application of HV-AIT entails an individually adapted procedure in case of undesired adverse events or initial failure to induce tolerance, as the final goal has to be the development of immunologic protection against anaphylactic sting reactions.