Comprehensive estimation of the collection CUMMIT (Turkey) of winter common wheat for resistance to common diseases in the southern part of the Rostov region

   The current paper has presented the materials for studying collection samples of winter common wheat for resistance to leaf and smut diseases for use in breeding programs for immunity. The current study was carried out based on the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2021–2023.   The objects of the study were 98 samples from the collection CUMMIT (Turkey).   The objects of study were the North Caucasian populations of pathogens of leaf diseases, such as powdery mildew, brown and yellow rust, septoria and local populations of pathogens of loose and kernel smut. The study was carried out on field infectious backgrounds of diseases with artificial infection of plants in accordance with the methodological instructions for each of them.   The purpose of this work was to identify winter wheat samples resistant to both individual pathogens and their complex. Susceptible test varieties of winter wheat had maximum damage scores for each disease studied.   During the study there have been identified 19 samples resistant to powdery mildew, 67 samples resistant to leaf rust, 63 samples resistant to yellow rust, 2 samples resistant to septoria, 95 samples resistant to loose smut and 25 samples resistant to kernel smut. There have been identified samples 9855, 9859, 9883, 9884, 9894 that showed resistance or weak susceptibility to brown and yellow rust, powdery mildew, septoria, etc. 15 samples 9802, 9812, 9898, 9899, 9903 were not affected by loose and kernel smut. A number of samples that have demonstrated complex resistance to smut diseases over three years were 9855, 9859, 9884, 9894, 9883, 9902, etc. The sample 9859 showed high resistance to five diseases. The best samples in terms of complex resistance could be recommended for breeding programs for immunity.