Ziziphus mauritiana: An in-depth review of its medicinal attributes and pharmacological activities

The plant species Ziziphus mauritiana, recognized by its common name Indian jujube, is classified within the Rhamnaceae family. It has been widely used in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties, including the treatment of asthma, anxiety, depression, fever, inflammation, and ulcers. Z. mauritiana parts, such as leaves and fruits, have been traditionally used to treat diarrhea, wounds, abscesses, swelling, gonorrhea, liver diseases, and asthma. Z. mauritiana fruits are widely recognized and valued for their nutritional and nutraceutical properties and are consumed in various forms such as dried, candied, pickled, and juice. The plant exhibits antioxidant activity, and extracts from its fruits, leaves, and seeds have shown promising results in terms of their antioxidant and anticancer activities. Phytochemical studies have identified various compounds in Z. mauritiana, including cyclopeptide alkaloids and lupane and ceanothane triterpenes. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the ethnobotanical uses, traditional medicinal uses, and phytochemical profile of Z. mauritiana, highlighting its potential as a valuable medicinal plant. Further research is warranted to explore its therapeutic potential and develop new pharmaceutical applications based on its bioactive compounds.