Hasan Şimşek, Cihan Gür, Sefa Küçükler, Mustafa İleritürk, Nurhan Akaras, Mehmet Öz, Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
{"title":"香芹酚通过调节氧化应激、炎症、细胞凋亡、自噬和组织病理学变化降低氯化汞诱发的睾丸毒性","authors":"Hasan Şimşek, Cihan Gür, Sefa Küçükler, Mustafa İleritürk, Nurhan Akaras, Mehmet Öz, Fatih Mehmet Kandemir","doi":"10.1007/s12011-023-04022-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mercuric chloride (HgCl<sub>2</sub>) is a heavy metal that is toxic to the human body. Carvacrol (CAR) is a flavonoid found naturally in plants and has many biological and pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of CAR in HgCl<sub>2</sub>-induced testicular tissue damage. HgCl<sub>2</sub> was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1.23 mg/kg body weight alone or in combination with orally administered CAR (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg body weight) for 7 days. Biochemical and histological methods were used to investigate oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy pathways in testicular tissue. CAR treatment increased HgCl<sub>2</sub>-induced decreased antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, and GPx) activities and GSH levels. In addition, CAR reduced MDA levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation. CAR decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, iNOS, MAPK14, MAPK15, and JNK. The increases in apoptotic Bax and Caspase-3 with HgCl<sub>2</sub> exposure decreased with CAR, while the decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 level increased. CAR reduced HgCl<sub>2</sub>-induced autophagy damage by increasing Beclin-1, LC3A, and LC3B levels. Overall, the data from this study suggested that testicular tissue damage associated with HgCl<sub>2</sub> toxicity can be mitigated by CAR administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":8917,"journal":{"name":"Biological Trace Element Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Carvacrol Reduces Mercuric Chloride-Induced Testicular Toxicity by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Histopathological Changes.\",\"authors\":\"Hasan Şimşek, Cihan Gür, Sefa Küçükler, Mustafa İleritürk, Nurhan Akaras, Mehmet Öz, Fatih Mehmet Kandemir\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s12011-023-04022-2\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Mercuric chloride (HgCl<sub>2</sub>) is a heavy metal that is toxic to the human body. Carvacrol (CAR) is a flavonoid found naturally in plants and has many biological and pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of CAR in HgCl<sub>2</sub>-induced testicular tissue damage. HgCl<sub>2</sub> was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1.23 mg/kg body weight alone or in combination with orally administered CAR (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg body weight) for 7 days. Biochemical and histological methods were used to investigate oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy pathways in testicular tissue. CAR treatment increased HgCl<sub>2</sub>-induced decreased antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, and GPx) activities and GSH levels. In addition, CAR reduced MDA levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation. CAR decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, iNOS, MAPK14, MAPK15, and JNK. The increases in apoptotic Bax and Caspase-3 with HgCl<sub>2</sub> exposure decreased with CAR, while the decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 level increased. CAR reduced HgCl<sub>2</sub>-induced autophagy damage by increasing Beclin-1, LC3A, and LC3B levels. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
氯化汞(HgCl2)是一种对人体有毒的重金属。香芹酚(CAR)是一种天然存在于植物中的类黄酮,具有多种生物和药理活性,包括抗炎、抗氧化和抗癌活性。本研究旨在探讨 CAR 对氯化汞诱导的睾丸组织损伤的疗效。腹腔注射氯化汞,剂量为 1.23 毫克/千克体重,单独或与口服 CAR(25 毫克/千克和 50 毫克/千克体重)联合使用,连续 7 天。生化和组织学方法用于研究睾丸组织中的氧化应激、炎症、细胞凋亡和自噬途径。CAR能提高氯化汞诱导的抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT和GPx)活性和GSH水平。此外,CAR 还降低了脂质过氧化标志物 MDA 的水平。CAR 降低了炎症介质 NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-1β、COX-2、iNOS、MAPK14、MAPK15 和 JNK 的水平。在暴露于 HgCl2 的情况下,凋亡因子 Bax 和 Caspase-3 的增加随着 CAR 的作用而减少,而抗凋亡因子 Bcl-2 水平的下降则随着 CAR 的作用而增加。CAR 通过提高 Beclin-1、LC3A 和 LC3B 水平,减少了 HgCl2 诱导的自噬损伤。总之,本研究的数据表明,服用 CAR 可减轻氯化汞毒性对睾丸组织的损伤。
Carvacrol Reduces Mercuric Chloride-Induced Testicular Toxicity by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Histopathological Changes.
Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) is a heavy metal that is toxic to the human body. Carvacrol (CAR) is a flavonoid found naturally in plants and has many biological and pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of CAR in HgCl2-induced testicular tissue damage. HgCl2 was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1.23 mg/kg body weight alone or in combination with orally administered CAR (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg body weight) for 7 days. Biochemical and histological methods were used to investigate oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy pathways in testicular tissue. CAR treatment increased HgCl2-induced decreased antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, and GPx) activities and GSH levels. In addition, CAR reduced MDA levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation. CAR decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, iNOS, MAPK14, MAPK15, and JNK. The increases in apoptotic Bax and Caspase-3 with HgCl2 exposure decreased with CAR, while the decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 level increased. CAR reduced HgCl2-induced autophagy damage by increasing Beclin-1, LC3A, and LC3B levels. Overall, the data from this study suggested that testicular tissue damage associated with HgCl2 toxicity can be mitigated by CAR administration.
期刊介绍:
Biological Trace Element Research provides a much-needed central forum for the emergent, interdisciplinary field of research on the biological, environmental, and biomedical roles of trace elements. Rather than confine itself to biochemistry, the journal emphasizes the integrative aspects of trace metal research in all appropriate fields, publishing human and animal nutritional studies devoted to the fundamental chemistry and biochemistry at issue as well as to the elucidation of the relevant aspects of preventive medicine, epidemiology, clinical chemistry, agriculture, endocrinology, animal science, pharmacology, microbiology, toxicology, virology, marine biology, sensory physiology, developmental biology, and related fields.