The Philosophical Perspective in Transculturizing Instrument Tools to Detect Diabetic Foot Ulcer : A Literature Review

Diabetes foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the main complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and one of the main causes of death worldwide from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The development of an instrument tool for the early diagnosis of diabetic foot is crucial since the findings can be used to prioritize clinical examinations for patients who are at risk. This literature review aimed to examine the philosophical viewpoint on transculturalizing instrument instruments to detect DFU from a variety of study reports published in both domestic and foreign journals. The original research publications published between January 2018 and December 2023 were the focus of the literature search. This study used secondary data, which came from 17 credible journal publications obtained from Science Direct, CINAHL, Pubmed, and SCOPUS databases. The PICOS framework was utilized to assess the papers’ suitability after they were selected. Articles meeting the inclusion requirements would be chosen: the studies should show the outcome of DFU detection or intervention for the outcome, and the population should consist of DM patients with or without DFU, with early DFU detection or intervention for Intervention. The studies could use any kind of research design, including descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, quasi-experimental, randomized controlled trials, and mixed methods, and should be written in English. The result of this literature review showed all the newly developed instrument tools to detect DFU have tested the validity and reliability of content, particularly translation to the local language to meet cultural appropriateness. It is important for researchers working on new DFU detection risk tools to consider including transcultural theory in their assessment instruments for DFU early detection.