重新审视城市化与暴力之间的关系:当地种族多样性的中介效应

IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY
Haiyan Duan , Xun Cao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

城市集中和迅速的城乡人口迁移往往被认为是引发暴力的因素。然而,经验证据喜忧参半:许多研究发现城市化与暴力之间要么存在不确定的关系,要么甚至存在负相关。本文回顾了有关城市化、群体情绪和种族冲突的文献,以促进我们对城市化-暴力关系的理解。我们认为,城市化对暴力的影响取决于当地的条件,如种族多样性:在种族单一的地区,城市化增加了经济福利和公共产品和服务的提供,因此降低了种族暴力的可能性;在多民族地区,城市化所增加的经济福利往往是沿着民族界线分配的,加剧了群体之间的不满和消极情绪,增加了暴力的机会。为了说明城市化进程中群体情绪与民族冲突之间的动态机制,本文以新疆为例,提供了实证证据。在新疆这样的多民族社会中,剧烈的城市化加剧了敌对的民族情绪,使民族地位的认知(主导与被主导)变得本质化,这是引发民族冲突事件的关键。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Revisiting the urbanization-violence nexus: The mediating effects of local ethnic diversity

Urban concentration and rapid rural-urban migration are often considered factors that trigger violence. The empirical evidence, however, is mixed: many studies find either an undetermined or even a negative relationship between urbanization and violence. This paper reviews the literatures on urbanization, mass emotions, and ethnic conflicts to advance our understanding of the urbanization-violence nexus. We argue that the effect of urbanization on violence is conditional on local conditions such as ethnic diversity: in ethnically homogenous areas, urbanization increases economic welfare and the provision of public goods and services, therefore lowering the chances of ethnic violence; in ethnically diverse areas, the increased economic welfare by urbanization is often distributed along ethnic lines, intensifying between-group grievances and negative emotions and increasing the chances of violence. To illustrate the dynamic mechanisms between mass emotions and ethnic conflict in the process of urbanization, we present empirical evidence from our case study of Xinjiang, China. The drastic urbanization in ethnic diverse societies like Xinjiang aggravates rival ethnic sentiments and essentializes the perception of ethnic status (dominant vs. dominated), which is critical in triggering ethnic conflict events.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
4.30%
发文量
63
期刊介绍: Aggression and Violent Behavior, A Review Journal is a multidisciplinary journal that publishes substantive and integrative reviews, as well as summary reports of innovative ongoing clinical research programs on a wide range of topics germane to the field of aggression and violent behavior. Papers encompass a large variety of issues, populations, and domains, including homicide (serial, spree, and mass murder: sexual homicide), sexual deviance and assault (rape, serial rape, child molestation, paraphilias), child and youth violence (firesetting, gang violence, juvenile sexual offending), family violence (child physical and sexual abuse, child neglect, incest, spouse and elder abuse), genetic predispositions, and the physiological basis of aggression.
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