Insights into the Characteristics and Functions of Mast Cells in the Gut

Mast cells have vital functions in allergic responses and parasite ejection, while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Meanwhile, MCs are essential for the maintenance of GI barrier function, and their interactions with neurons, immune cells, and epithelial cells have been related to various gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. An increasing number of investigations are being disclosed, with a lack of inner connections among them. This review aims to highlight their properties and categorization and further delve into their participation in GI diseases via interplay with neurons and immune cells. We also discuss their roles in diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Based on the evidence, we advocated for their potential application in clinical practices and advocated future research prospects.