美国经济史上的贸易政策

IF 6.8 2区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS
Douglas A. Irwin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文回顾了美国历史进程中贸易政策的广泛变化。进口关税一直是贸易政策的主要工具,有三个主要目的:增加政府收入,限制进口和保护国内生产商免受外国竞争,以及达成减少贸易壁垒的互惠协议。这三个目标——收入、限制和互惠——在历史上连续的三个时期中都占主导地位。这些关税的政治经济学受到与贸易有关的经济利益在不同地区的位置以及这些地区在国会中的政治权力的驱动。报告还探讨了贸易政策对美国经济的影响,如关税的福利成本、保护主义在促进美国工业化中的作用,以及《斯穆特-霍利关税法》与20世纪30年代大萧条之间的关系。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Trade Policy in American Economic History
This article reviews the broad changes in US trade policy over the course of the nation's history. Import tariffs have been the main instrument of trade policy and have had three main purposes: to raise revenue for the government, to restrict imports and protect domestic producers from foreign competition, and to reach reciprocity agreements that reduce trade barriers. Each of these three objectives—revenue, restriction, and reciprocity—was predominant in one of three consecutive periods in history. The political economy of these tariffs has been driven by the location of trade-related economic interests in different regions and the political power of those regions in Congress. The review also addresses the impact of trade policies on the US economy, such as the welfare costs of tariffs, the role of protectionism in fostering US industrialization, and the relationship between the Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act and the Great Depression of the 1930s.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.70
自引率
3.60%
发文量
34
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Economics covers significant developments in the field of economics, including macroeconomics and money; microeconomics, including economic psychology; international economics; public finance; health economics; education; economic growth and technological change; economic development; social economics, including culture, institutions, social interaction, and networks; game theory, political economy, and social choice; and more.
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