Daniel Smrzka, Jennifer Zwicker, Heide Schulz-Vogt, Crispin T. S. Little, Max Rieder, Patrick Meister, Susanne Gier, Jörn Peckmann
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Some of the spherical fossils adhere to worm tubes analogous to the occurrence of modern <i>Thiomargarita</i> on the tubes of seep-dwelling siboglinid worms. Fluorapatite crystals were identified within the fossilized cell walls, suggesting the intercellular storage of phosphorus analogous to modern <i>Thiomargarita</i> cells. The preservation of large sulfide-oxidizing bacteria was probably linked to changing biogeochemical processes at the Hollard Mound seep or, alternatively, may have been favored by the sulfide-oxidizing bacteria performing nitrate-dependent sulfide oxidation—a process known to induce carbonate precipitation. 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Fossilized giant sulfide-oxidizing bacteria from the Devonian Hollard Mound seep deposit, Morocco
The giant sulfide-oxidizing bacteria are particularly prone to preservation in the rock record, and their fossils have been identified in ancient phosphorites, cherts, and carbonates. This study reports putative spherical fossils preserved in the Devonian Hollard Mound hydrocarbon-seep deposit. Based on petrographical, mineralogical, and geochemical evidence the putative microfossils are interpreted as sulfide-oxidizing bacteria similar to the present-day genus Thiomargarita, which is also found at modern hydrocarbon seeps. The morphology, distribution, size, and occurrence of the fossilized cells show a large degree of similarity to their modern counterparts. Some of the spherical fossils adhere to worm tubes analogous to the occurrence of modern Thiomargarita on the tubes of seep-dwelling siboglinid worms. Fluorapatite crystals were identified within the fossilized cell walls, suggesting the intercellular storage of phosphorus analogous to modern Thiomargarita cells. The preservation of large sulfide-oxidizing bacteria was probably linked to changing biogeochemical processes at the Hollard Mound seep or, alternatively, may have been favored by the sulfide-oxidizing bacteria performing nitrate-dependent sulfide oxidation—a process known to induce carbonate precipitation. The presence of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria at a Devonian hydrocarbon seep highlights the similarities of past and present chemosynthesis-based ecosystems and provides valuable insight into the antiquity of biogeochemical processes and element cycling at Phanerozoic seeps.
期刊介绍:
The field of geobiology explores the relationship between life and the Earth''s physical and chemical environment. Geobiology, launched in 2003, aims to provide a natural home for geobiological research, allowing the cross-fertilization of critical ideas, and promoting cooperation and advancement in this emerging field. We also aim to provide you with a forum for the rapid publication of your results in an international journal of high standing. We are particularly interested in papers crossing disciplines and containing both geological and biological elements, emphasizing the co-evolutionary interactions between life and its physical environment over geological time.
Geobiology invites submission of high-quality articles in the following areas:
Origins and evolution of life
Co-evolution of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere
The sedimentary rock record and geobiology of critical intervals
Paleobiology and evolutionary ecology
Biogeochemistry and global elemental cycles
Microbe-mineral interactions
Biomarkers
Molecular ecology and phylogenetics.