Hope是最后失去的东西:哥伦比亚极度濒危的奥里诺科河鳄(中间鳄)的人工繁殖种群是一个基因库,可以帮助拯救这个物种免于灭绝

Ana M. Saldarriaga-Gómez, María Cristina Ardila-Robayo, Federico Medem, Mario Vargas-Ramírez
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引用次数: 0

摘要

A迁地种群的目的是保存遗传变异,但这是一项具有挑战性的任务,因为遗传多样性通常在每一代中丢失,因此建立管理准则应该是一个高度优先事项。50年前,哥伦比亚国立大学在罗伯托·佛朗哥热带站(位于梅塔的维拉维森西奥)开始了一项繁殖计划,以保护极度濒危的奥里诺科河鳄。尽管有大量的个体被饲养和圈养,但由于缺乏完整的基因特征来确定种群是否在基因上可行,该站一直无法释放个体。在这项研究中,我们使用了17个微卫星基因座来克服这个问题。我们估计了创始动物和活鳄鱼的近交、杂合、等位基因的数量、丰富度和频率,以了解在不考虑遗传谱的情况下管理圈养繁殖计划的影响。结果表明,活种群保持了大量的始祖多样性,杂合度高,整体近交率低,适合维持圈养繁殖和实施野生放生。我们估计了现存鳄鱼的个体遗传多样性,以及它们之间的关系。这些信息,再加上大小、性别和位置,使我们能够提出组合并重组繁殖群体。我们证明了分子数据可以用来改善迁地保护计划的管理,远远超出了单独使用系谱信息所能实现的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Hope is the last thing lost: Colombian captive-bred population of the critically endangered Orinoco crocodile (Crocodylus intermedius) is a genetic reservoir that could help to save the species from extinction
 A purpose of ex-situ populations is the preservation of genetic variation, but this is a challenging task since genetic diversity is commonly lost through each generation, and so the establishment of management guidelines should be a high priority. Fifty years ago, the National University of Colombia began a breeding program in the Roberto Franco Tropical Station (in Villavicencio, Meta) to conserve the critically endangered Orinoco crocodile Crocodylus intermedius. Despite the large number of individuals raised and kept in captivity, the Station has not been able to release individuals due to a lack of a complete genetic characterization that could determine whether the population is genetically viable. In this study we used a panel of 17 microsatellite loci to overcome this problem. We estimated from the founder animals and the live crocodiles the inbreeding, heterozygosities, the number of alleles, and their richness, and frequencies to understand the effects of managing a captive breeding program without considering genetic profiles. Our results revealed that the living population maintains much of its founder diversity with high levels of heterozygosity and low overall inbreeding, making it suitable for maintaining captive breeding and for implementing wild releases. We estimated the individual genetic diversity of the living crocodiles, as well as their relationships. This information, combined with the size, sex, and location, allowed us to propose combinations and to restructure the breeding groups. We demonstrated that molecular data could be used to improve the management of ex-situ conservation programs well beyond what could be achieved with pedigree information alone.
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