The Use of Ketamine for Malignant and Nonmalignant Chronic Pain in Children: A Review of Current Evidence.

Chronic pain in children continues to pose significant challenges. The pharmacological approach most often revolves around trials and errors, expert opinions, and extrapolation of adult study findings. Ketamine is one of the agents used for chronic pain, especially with a neuropathic component. This article aims to provide an overview of its properties and highlight the current evidence for its use in malignant and nonmalignant chronic pain management. A search on the use of ketamine for chronic pain in children up to 18 years of age covering the period from January 1, 2000, to December 14, 2022, was performed through PubMed, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, EBM Review, Wiley, BMJ, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Saudi Digital Library. 218 articles were found and 42 underwent full review. Currently, the evidence about ketamine efficacity and safety for chronic pain management is at best of moderate to low quality. The heterogeinity of ketamine infusion protocols and frequent concomitant use of other analgesics make it difficult to draw robust conclusions. The long-term effect of prolonged usage also remains a concern. Nevertheless, with careful monitoring, the drug may be a reasonable choice for malignant and nonmalignant pain management in selected cases, especially for refractory pain not responding to conventional approaches.