社交游戏的性别差异。

Psychiatric developments Pub Date : 1989-01-01
M J Meaney
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摘要

社交游戏中的性别差异是数量上的而不是质量上的,指的是行为的频率而不是形式。尽管围产期暴露于外源性睾酮的增加会使社交游戏男性化,但在这一时期(即神经元分化的关键时期之后)之后,实验操作雄激素水平显然对社交游戏的表达没有影响。这种效应似乎至少部分与杏仁核中的雄激素受体占据有关。大鼠在嬉闹雄性化的敏感期,杏仁核核结合的雄激素受体存在显著的性别差异。此外,在这一时期,睾丸激素直接植入杏仁核使女性的社交活动男性化。孕酮会减少雄性大鼠的打斗行为,皮质酮也是如此。后一种效应可能是由边缘脑中的皮质类固醇受体介导的。围产期雄激素暴露对人类可能也很重要,因为在出生时被诊断和治疗的先天性肾上腺增生的女孩仍然表现出与男性相似的游戏模式。关于社会游戏中性别差异功能的理论要么强调社会功能,要么强调运动学习功能。幼年雄性灵长类动物的社会等级与同伴社会互动的数量相关,这种互动主要以打闹的形式出现。另一方面,雌性似乎花更少的时间玩游戏,而花更多的时间等待和竞争与婴儿的互动,即游戏母亲,由此她们获得了照顾婴儿所需的运动技能。这种差异可能反映了社会生物学和发育级联反应,在某种程度上是由围产期激素事件引发的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The sexual differentiation of social play.

Sex differences in social play are quantitative and not qualitative, referring to frequency and not the form of the behaviors. Whereas increased perinatal exposure to exogenous testosterone masculinizes social play, experimental manipulations of androgen levels after this period (i.e. following critical periods for neuronal differentiation) apparently have no effect on the expression of social play. This effect appears to involve, at least in part, androgen receptor occupancy in the amygdala. In the rat, there is a prominent sex difference in nuclear-bound androgen receptors in the amygdala during the sensitive period for the masculinization of play-fighting. Moreover, testosterone implants directly into the amygdala during this period masculinize social play in females. Progesterone exposure reduces play-fighting in male rats, as does corticosterone. This latter effect may be mediated by corticosteroid receptors in the limibic brain. Perinatal androgen exposure may also be important in humans, since girls born with congenital adrenal hyperplasia diagnosed and treated at birth still show male-like patterns of play. Theories concerning the function of sex differences in social play emphasize either the social or motor learning functions. Juvenile male primate social rank correlates with number of peer social interactions, which predominantly take the form of play-fighting. Females on the other hand appear to spend less time play-fighting and spend more time waiting and competing for interactions with infants, i.e. play-mothering, whereby they acquire the motor skills necessary for handling infants. Such differences may reflect socio-biological and developmental cascades that are, in some way, initiated by perinatal hormonal events.

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