配子膜融合的生物测定:过去、现在和未来。

C Barros
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引用次数: 0

摘要

配子膜融合试验是一种利用无带仓鼠卵母细胞评价人类精子受精能力的方法,目前已广泛应用于全球男科实验室。该测试评估生殖过程的几个步骤,如:a)精子获能;B)顶体反应;C)配子膜融合;D)精子染色质去浓缩;E)染色体凝聚;F)通过皮质颗粒的分解和减数分裂的完成来测量卵子的激活。该测试不评估精子从阴道到受精点的转运情况,也不评估精子通过人类卵膜的转运情况。然而,通过使用自然产生的人类宫颈粘液获得无精浆的精子,精子传输问题已经部分得到解决。后一种技术大大提高了配子膜融合试验的诊断价值。尽管如此,由于试验设计的差异,在不同的实验室中,该试验获得的结果可能有很大差异。这些差异可能对科学家和/或医生在特定不孕症病例中可能采取的态度产生重要影响。不同实验室差异最大的参数是:a)对无精浆精子的关注;B)精子浓度;C)精子孵育前时间;D)所用血清白蛋白的类型和浓度。这项测试的最初目的是评估有不育问题的男性精子的受精能力。如今也被用于评估男性不育药物和可能影响人类生殖功能的药物。配子膜融合试验结果与生殖能力之间的相关性已使其用于测试牛和马精子的受精能力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[Bioassay of gamete membrane fusion: the past, present and future].

The gamete membrane fusion test, that uses zona-free hamster oocytes to evaluate the fertilizing ability of human spermatozoa, is being widely used in andrologic laboratories throughout the world. This test evaluates several steps of the reproductive process such as: a) sperm capacitation; b) acrosome reaction; c) gamete membrane fusion; d) sperm chromatin decondensation; e) chromosome condensation; f) egg activation as measured by the cortical granule breakdown and completion of meiosis. This test does not evaluates the sperm transit from the vagina to the site of fertilization nor the sperm passage through the human egg vestments. However, the sperm transit has been partly solved by the use of naturally occurring human cervical mucus to obtain seminal plasma free spermatozoa. This latter technique has greatly increased the diagnostic value of the gamete membrane fusion test. Notwithstanding, the results obtained with this test can vary considerably among the different laboratories, because of variations in the experimental design of the test. These differences can have an important effect upon the attitude the scientist and/or the physician might take in a given case of infertility. The parameters that vary most among the different laboratories are: a) obtention of seminal plasma-free spermatozoa; b) sperm concentrations; c) sperm preincubation time; d) type and concentration of serum albumin used. The original objective of this test was to evaluate the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa of men with problems of infertility. Nowadays is being also used for the assessment of male infertility agents and drugs that might affect the human reproductive function. The correlation found between the results of the gamete membrane fusion test with fertility has resulted in its use in testing the fertilizing ability of bovine and equine spermatozoa.

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