Influence of electronic cigarettes and tobacco heating systems on the periodontal condition in patients of different age and gender

Objective: to compare the characteristics of the periodontal condition in three categories of patients: smokers of electronic cigarettes, smokers of tobacco heating systems and non-smokers, taking into account age and gender. Material and methods. A comprehensive analysis of 1754 patient-smoker records was carried out: 1122 — electronic cigarettes (ES), 632 —tobacco heating systems (SNT). Data from 566 non-smokers were used as a control group (GC). Patients of all groups were divided into subgroups depending on age and gender. The clinical condition of the periodontium was assessed by dental indices and indicators. Statistical data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and Statistica 64 ver. 20.0 programs. Results. Gingivitis prevailed in the groups of persons with ES, SNT and GS. The frequency of gingivitis in the ES group decreases with age, while in the SNT group it increases. Among HS patients, gingivitis was recorded in all age groups. The frequency of acute periodontitis was highest in patients of the ES and SNT groups aged 35-39 years. In the Civil Code — at the age of 30-34 years. The frequency of gingivitis and acute periodontitis in persons of the SNT and ES group is more pronounced in women. In GS, these figures are almost equal. The frequency of registration of chronic localized periodontitis in persons of the SNT group is more pronounced in women, in the ES group these figures are higher in men. The frequency of registration of chronic general periodontitis in persons of all groups is more pronounced in women. Conclusion. The results of the study proved that the use of ES and SNT is a negative factor causing the occurrence of periodontal diseases.