Barriers and Drivers to Adoption of Water Reuse In Buildings: A Sociotechnical Analysis in Ceará, Brazil

Purpose: This study aims to identify the barriers and drivers towards the adoption of water reuse systems in buildings in regions with water scarcity, such as the Brazilian Northeast. Method: A qualitative study was carried out in the state of Ceará, Brazil. The study encompassed the analysis of content from seventeen in-depth interviews and documentary evidence. Results and conclusion: The primary adoption drivers were found to be economic savings through consumption reduction and environmental awareness. Main barriers included the initial investment and payback time, as well as user practices, such as residents' lack of system maintenance. In addition, political and institutional aspects, such as the absence of fiscal incentives, also played a key role. In conclusion, water reuse in buildings constitutes an innovation that requires further development to promote significant adjustments of the socio-technical regime. Originality/value: This research introduces innovation by conducting an analysis of the adoption of water reuse in buildings based on the multi-level perspective of socio-technical transitions towards sustainability. It focuses on a state in the Brazilian Northeast, whose territory is primarily situated in the Caatinga biome, characterized by a semi-arid climate and a history of severe drought cycles. Research implications: The results provide valuable insights for researchers, technology developers, and policymakers to develop actions that stimulate the implementation and diffusion of water reuse in buildings.