亚马尔的微区域驯鹿放牧景观:运动模式和动态

IF 1.7 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Alexander Volkovitskiy, Alexandra Terekhina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人类和动物的流动性是任何游牧牧业系统的核心。对流动牧民迁徙模式的人类学研究揭示了两组普遍的因素——生态因素和非生态因素——对这种迁徙产生不同的影响。本研究主要关注俄罗斯北极地区亚马尔涅涅茨驯鹿牧民的游牧运动,采用微区域方法大规模研究土著社区。在过去的15-20年里,亚马尔半岛西北部Mordyyakha微地区的涅涅茨家庭多次改变冬季牧场的地点,同时保持了稳定的夏季路线。在实地考察的基础上,分析了环境因素和非环境因素对夏、冬两季经向游牧路线动态的影响。我们认为它们冬季流动性的长期变化主要与草场质量有关。改变冬季地点是一种与生态因素相关的策略,对于通过亚马尔的经向牧区走廊迁移的家庭来说仍然是相关的。相反,夏季地区的变化通常是对工业发展的反应,因此与非生态因素有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A microregional reindeer herding landscape in Yamal: patterns and dynamics of movements
Abstract Human and animal mobility lies at the core of any nomadic pastoralist system. Anthropological studies of migratory patterns of mobile pastoralists’ movements have revealed two universal sets of factors—ecological and non-ecological—that influence such movements differently. Our study focuses on the nomadic movement of the Yamal Nenets reindeer herders in the Russian Arctic using a microregional approach to study the indigenous communities on a large scale. The Nenets households of the Mordyyakha microregion in the northwest of the Yamal Peninsula have changed winter pasture sites several times over the past 15–20 years, while maintaining a stable summer route. Based on fieldwork among these people, we analyse how environmental and non-environmental factors influence the dynamics of their summer and winter meridional nomadic routes. We argue that long-term changes in their winter mobility are mainly related to the quality of pastures. Changing winter sites is a strategy that relates to ecological factors and still remains relevant for the households migrating via the meridional pastoral corridors of Yamal. In contrast, changing summer areas, as a rule, occurs in response to developing industry and, thus, relates to non-ecological factors.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
8.00%
发文量
44
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice is an interdisciplinary and peer-reviewed journal on extensive livestock production systems throughout the world. Pastoralists rely on rangelands and livestock for their livelihoods, but exhibit different levels of mobility and market involvement, and operate under a variety of different land tenure regimes. Pastoralism publishes research that influences public policy, to improve the welfare of these people and better conserve the environments in which they live. The journal investigates pastoralism from a variety of disciplinary perspectives across the biophysical, social and economic sciences. This is not applied research in the traditional sense, but relevant research, sometimes even basic research, with the capacity ultimately to change the way practical people do business. Predicting what kind of research will fulfil this role is virtually impossible. What we can do is keep policy makers, practitioners and pastoralists talking to scientists and researchers and aware of each others'' concerns.
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