Surgical treatment of anal fistula

A fistula of the anus is a chronic inflammatory process in the pararectal cell, intersphincter space and anal crypt with the presence of a formed fistula passage, where the affected anal crypt is the internal opening of the fistula. The urgency of surgical treatment of rectal fistulas is due to unsatisfactory results because of frequent anal incontinence and relapses of the disease. In this regard, most authors emphasize that the treatment of anal fistulas, as before, remains an urgent problem of colorectal surgery, and the search for new methods is a priority task of colorectal surgery. Literature analysis performed using the Elsevier, PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar databases showed that the currently used technologies and methods of surgical treatment of anal fistulas do not allow us to determine their “gold standard”. In this regard, further analysis of the effectiveness and safety of their use, an assessment of the complications of surgical intervention and the frequency of relapses of the disease is necessary.