A study on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) callogenesis optimization based on hormone balance and explant types

Bitter gourd known as Momordica charantia L. is an important summer vegetable, belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family, grown in tropical areas in the world. Due to its fruits being rich in vitamins, minerals and good dietary fibers, the bitter gourd has many health-protective and pharmacological properties. The goal of the current study was to comparatively assess the indirect regeneration capability using in vivo leaf, internodal, and petiole explants of bitter gourd. To serve the purpose Murashige and Skoog (MS) media augmented with various concentrations of auxin and cytokinin for callus formation potent. The study was conducted by evaluating the selection of various auxin and cytokinin concentrations and combinations in MS basic medium. The rate of explant development decreased as cytokinin concentration increased. Although the lowest cytokinin concentration utilized in this study (1.0 mg L-1 BAP), it had a beneficial impact on explant development. When compared to the auxin NAA, the auxins IAA and 2,4-D were more beneficial on calli weights. It has been well proven that calli cannot be produced without the presence and balance of plant growth regulators. Experimental results demonstrated that callogenesis of bitter gourd from different explants might be successfully and effectively utilized in cell suspension cultures, genetic transformation, and callogenesis may also be adaptable to other species that are closely related.