Synthesis of Mg-Doped CuO Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of Congo Red Dye from Wastewater: Adsorption Study

Water contamination from a variety of sources has made it increasingly difficult to contact clean drinking water. The release of effluents into water bodies is a serious environmental problem. This study presents the synthesis of magnesium-doped copper oxide (Mg-CuO) nanoparticles as a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of Congo Red dye from aqueous solutions. Mg-CuO nanoparticles were synthesized via a facile and cost-effective co-precipitation method and characterized using various techniques. The adsorption capacity of Mg-CuO nanoparticles for Congo Red dye was systematically investigated, revealing outstanding adsorption efficiency. Equilibrium adsorption data were well-fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting monolayer adsorption behavior, while the Freundlich Isotherm model described the adsorption behavior accurately. The influence of various experimental parameters, including initial dye concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time, on the adsorption process was studied in detail. Optimal conditions (pH=6, concentration=50ppm, contact time=120minutes) for maximal adsorption efficiency were determined. Moreover, the thermodynamic analysis specified that the adsorption of Congo Red onto Mg-CuO nanoparticles was spontaneous and endothermic. The exceptional adsorption performance of Mg-CuO nanoparticles, attributed to the synergistic effect of magnesium doping and high surface area, highlights their potential as an eco-friendly and efficient adsorbent for the removal of Congo Red dye from wastewater. This research contributes to the advancement of sustainable materials for environmental remediation and underscores the importance of exploring nanomaterials for water purification applications.