Architectural conservation of the rock-hewn churches of Lalibela, Ethiopia: A study on preservation and socio-economic conservation

The 11 monolithic structures that makeup Ethiopia's Rock-Hewn structures in Lalibela were painstakingly cut out of solid rock in the 12th century. Currently, these churches are facing various issues of deterioration such as exposure to natural and human-caused harms. This article critically evaluates the architectural conservation initiatives made to preserve these amazing buildings, which are often recognized as some of the most astounding architectural accomplishments in history. It carefully examines the preservation techniques used, highlighting their cultural relevance and the inherent values crucial for maintaining the Lalibela rock-hewn churches. Through the socio-economical aspects, it draws attention to the lack of funding and lack of technical requirements. Also, sustainable conservation activities develop a sense of ownership and bring awareness to the value of protecting cultural heritage. The report suggests methods for strengthening capability and creating a special conservation fund. The study uses a qualitative research methodology focusing on in-depth case studies from Lalibela, other rock-cut structures, and published academic works. As a result, this research offers valuable suggestions to encourage efficient conservation techniques. Finally, these observations contribute to a greater comprehension of the challenges in preserving the world's architectural legacies by providing helpful references for analogous sites facing similar conservation challenges.