Nanotechnology in Renewable Energy: Prospects and Challenges

Nanotechnology ranges from the study of the fundamental physics, biology, chemistry, and other technology of nanometerscale matters. Recently, nanotechnology has been extended to the renewable energy field. Renewable energy has been defined as energy produced through natural sources that renew more quickly than it is consumed, such as solar energy, wind power, and other renewable energy resources. The growing human population and advances in technology in today's world have resulted in a greater need for energy usage. Nanotechnology applications in renewable energy are expected to solve the energy demand shortage problem. This article intends to introduce some key applications of nanotechnology in renewable energy systems. The main focus has been given to the utilization of nanoparticles in the context of hydrogen production, fabrication of solar cells, Nano composites for energy storage and nanotechnology for biotechnology. Additionally, the article also discusses the opportunities and problems of nanotechnology applications in the field of renewable energy. With this, the application of nanotechnology in the energy sector is expected to provide efficient and sustainable energy solutions in order to create a lowcarbon economy with reduced greenhouse gas emissions.