用光学显微镜和红外光谱法鉴定金字塔形茶包。泡茶中微塑料的形成

Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI:10.15673/fst.v17i3.2655
O. Malynka, Y. Malynka, K. Petrik
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引用次数: 0

摘要

研究了乌克兰市场上8个品牌的金字塔茶包:Sun Gardens(1)、Lovare(2)、Curtis for mcdonald(3)、Curtis(4)、Lipton(5)、Premiya(6)、Sonnet(7)和Loyd(8)。利用FTIR光谱,发现这些袋子的金字塔是由热塑性聚合物聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(样品1-7)和聚乳酸(样品8)制成的。连接在金字塔上的线是由热塑性聚合物聚丙烯(样品1、2、4-7)制成的。聚乳酸(样品8),聚乳酸[α]D25的比旋光度约为-150°(c=1, CHCl3),即聚l -乳酸。利用光学显微镜,确定金字塔的结构分为平纹织物(样品1-3)和热粘合非织造布(样品4-8)。茶包(样品1-3)呈现出图案良好的网状结构(mesh),孔被认为是均匀而规则的。用无纺布材料制成的茶包,其纤维的排列紧凑而随意,形成不规则的网状结构。纤维随意地打褶,形成不规则的孔隙。非织造布的用料直径为12 ~ 18µm,机织物的用料直径为48 ~ 54µm。非织造布的面积密度为18.5-20.3 g/m2,机织物的面积密度为22.0-22.7 g/m2。这些线是由几根单捻纱捻成的。纱线的结构是由三根2股纱线(样品1、8)、4股纱线(样品2-4、6、7)和4股多长丝纱线(样品5)组成的缆线。绞合纱线/绳的最终捻度为s捻。在样品1- 4,6 -8中,螺纹的主要结构成分是短纤维,样品5是多长丝纤维。每个空金字塔和线在95℃下在10 mL水中浸泡5分钟。研究表明,茶泡过程中饮料中形成的微塑料颗粒的形状是由茶包的初级结构决定的。金字塔和丝线都会释放不规则形状的微塑料颗粒。
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EXPERTISE OF PYRAMID TEA BAGS BY OPTICAL MICROSCOPY AND FTIR-SPECTROSCOPY METHODS. MICROPLASTICS FORMATION IN BREWED TEA
Eight brands of pyramid tea bags on the Ukrainian market were studied: Sun Gardens (1), Lovare (2), Curtis for Mc Donalds (3), Curtis (4), Lipton (5), Premiya (6), Sonnet (7) and Loyd (8). Using FTIR spectroscopy, it was found that the pyramids of the bags are made of thermoplastic polymers polyethylene terephthalate (samples 1-7) and polylactic acid (sample 8). The threads attached to the pyramids are made of thermoplastic polymers polypropylene (samples 1,2,4-7), polyethylene terephthalate (sample 4) and polylactic acid (sample 8). The specific optical rotation of polylactic acid [α]D25 is about -150° (c=1, CHCl3), which refers to poly(L-lactic acid). Using optical microscopy, it was established that the structure of the pyramids are divided into those made of plain woven fabrics (samples 1-3) and heat-bonded nonwoven fabrics (samples 4-8). The tea bags (samples 1-3) exhibit a well patterned net structure (mesh) with the pores perceived to be uniform and regular. The tea bags made of nonwoven materials have an irregular network consisting of compact and random arrangement of fibers. The fibers are pleated randomly, generating irregular pores. Nonwoven fabrics are made from fibers with a diameter of 12-18 µm, woven fabrics are made from fibers with a diameter of 48-54 µm. The area density of nonwoven fabrics is 18.5-20.3 g/m2, the area density of woven fabrics is 22.0-22.7 g/m2. The threads are made by twisting several single-twisted yarns. The structure of threads are a cabled yarn from three 2-ply yarns (samples 1,8), 4-ply yarn (samples 2-4,6,7) and 4-ply multyfilament yarn (samples 5). The final twist of the plied yarn/cord is S-twist. The primary structural element of threads in the case of samples 1-4, 6-8 are staple fibers, of sample 5 are multyfilament fibers. Each empty pyramids and thread was steeped at 95oC for 5 min in 10 mL of water. It has been established that the shape of microplastic particles formed in beverages during tea brewing is determined by the primary structure of tea bags. Both pyramids and threads release irregularly shaped microplastic particles.
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