社会支持系统适应退休年龄人群需求的途径

YULIIA HOREMYKINA, OLENA DIDKIVSKA
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引用次数: 0

摘要

乌克兰作为一个面向社会的国家,正在建立自己的社会支助系统,在这个系统中,领取养恤金者是社会福利接受者和社会服务消费者的重要组成部分。在这方面,与确定退休人员的需要、使社会支助系统适应这些需要及其满足这些需要的实际能力有关的一些问题是相关的。因此,本文致力于研究退休公民的需求问题以及乌克兰社会支持系统满足这些需求的能力。本文的目的是研究提供有效的社会支持和提高老年人生活质量的具体需求,特别是在社会脆弱性风险增加和社会保护财政能力缩小的情况下。分析了退休人员年龄特征所导致的情感需求、生理需求、身体需求、文化需求和智力需求的特殊性。研究发现,退休人员的需求总体上具有主观性,主要由四个因素构成:1)年龄;(二)健康状况;3)财务状况;(四)有亲属在需要时可以提供帮助。概述了使社会支助系统适应老年人需要的方法,这些方法以该国现有的传统和创新的社会做法为代表。传统做法包括:1)财政支持,包括养恤金和财政援助;2)以食品、燃料、药品、卫生用品、提供热餐等形式提供支持;3)家庭和寄宿机构的社会服务;4)以各种咨询、组织文化休闲等形式提供心理和社会支持。与此同时,本文得出结论认为,未来社会工作创新实践的作用将会增加,包括社会心理咨询、组织新型住宿护理设施以消除社会孤立并促进他们积极参与社会生活、综合社会服务以及互助团体的运作。因此,本文的科学新颖之处在于,通过提出特征、需求、政策三者之间的联系方案,改进了确定退休人员主观需求的方法,探索了社会支持系统适应退休人员需求的途径。本文采用了分析综合、逻辑概括、图解法等科学研究方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ways of Adaption a Social Support System to People’s of the Retirement Age Needs
Ukraine, as a socially oriented state, is building its own social support system, within which pensioners are a significant part of recipients of social benefits and consumers of social services. In this regard, a number of issues related to identifying retired people’s needs, adapting the social support system to them, and its real capabilities to meet these needs are relevant. Therefore, this article is devoted to the problems of retired citizens’ needs and the ability of Ukrainian social support system to meet these needs. The purpose of the article is to study the specifics of the needs for providing effective social support and improving the quality of life of the elderly, especially in the conditions of increasing risks of social vulnerability and narrowing financial capacity of social protection. The authors have analyzed the specificity of emotional, physiological, physical, cultural, and intellectual needs caused by the retired people’s age characteristics. It has been established that retired people’s needs are generally characterized by subjectivity, which is formed by four main factors: 1) their age; 2) their state of health; 3) their financial well-being; 4) having the relatives who can provide assistance if it is needed. The ways of adapting the social support system to the needs of the elderly, which are represented by both traditional and innovative social practices existing in the country, are outlined. Traditional practices include: 1) financial support, including pensions and financial assistance; 2) support in the form of food, fuel, medicines, hygiene products, providing hot meals, etc.; 3) social services at home and in residential institutions; 4) psychological and social support in the form of various consultations, organization of cultural leisure, etc. At the same time, it is concluded that in the future the role of innovative practices of social work with the elderly will increase, including socio-psychological counseling, the organization of new type of residential care facilities to eliminate social isolation and promote their active participation in social life, integrated social services, and the functioning of mutual aid groups. Thus, the scientific novelty of this article lies in the improvement of approaches to determining the retired people’s subjective needs and the development of ways of adapting the social support system to the needs of these citizens by presenting a scheme of establishing connections between characteristics, needs, and policies. The authors used the following methods of scientific research: analysis and synthesis, logical generalization, graphic method.
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